International Journal of Human Movement Science
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
ISSN : 1976-4391 (print)
ISSN : 2586-078X (online)
Hegemony of the Able-Bodied: A Comparison of Canadian Newspaper Coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic GamesIk Young Chang 8(1) 5-27, 2014
TitleHegemony of the Able-Bodied: A Comparison of Canadian Newspaper Coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games
Ik Young Chang DOI: AbstractThis study compared and analyzed the coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympic (OG) and Paralympic Games (PG) by a Canadian newspaper, The Globe and Mail. There were statistically significant differences in the amount of the size and frequency between the 2008 OG (August 8-25, 2008) and PG (September 6-17, 2008). Regarding to size, there was a significant difference (p<.001) in total coverage for both articles and photographs between the OG and PG (Olympics: articles= 1908.64 sq. inches, photographs= 1888.11 sq. inches; Paralympics: articles= 70.51 sq. inches, photographs= 97.38 sq. inches). In terms of frequency, there were a total of 302 articles and 333 photographs for the OG, whereas for the PG there were 11 articles and 9 photographs. Other interesting was also found. For example, male athletes received more coverage than female athletes in the OG, but female Paralympians received more photographic coverage than male Paralympians. All findings as well as recommendations for future research are discussed. Key WordsNewspaper, Hegemony, Able-Bodied, Olympics, Paralympics |
Menstrual irregularity prevalence in elite female university athletes: Based upon sports typesJong Kyu Kim , Nam Ju Lee 8(1) 29-45, 2014
TitleMenstrual irregularity prevalence in elite female university athletes: Based upon sports types
Jong Kyu Kim , Nam Ju Lee DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate menstrual irregularity prevalence and bone mineral density in Korean female university athletes based upon sports type. Healthy 108 female athletes from 8 sports type and 22 controls participated in this study. A menstrual history questionnaire was used and the whole body scans by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was conducted. Menstrual irregularity prevalence was 57% in total, 27% in controls, and 63% in athletes (χ 2 (1)=9.494, p=.002). Menstrual irregularity prevalence was varied by sports type. As total bone mineral density was increased, menstrual irregularity prevalence was decreased in controls (χ 2 (2)=8.225, p=.016) but increased in athletes (χ 2 (2)=4.025, p=.130). As percent body fat was increased, menstrual irregularity prevalence was increased in controls (χ 2 (2)=7.435, p=.024) but decreased in athletes (χ 2 (2)=25.954, p<.001). In addition, as muscle mass of athletes was increased, menstrual irregularity prevalence was significantly increased(χ 2 (2)=8.249, p=.0016). Female athletes` regular overtraining seems to be associated with menstrual irregularity although they show higher bone mineral density, higher muscle mass, but not lower percent body fat. Sports-specific weight classes and competition types might cause different body composition trends among sports types. Key Wordsbone mineral density, body composition, female athletes, menstruation |
Metabolic syndrome scores according to physical activity level of Korean adolescentsKang Ok Cho 8(1) 47-61, 2014
TitleMetabolic syndrome scores according to physical activity level of Korean adolescents
Kang Ok Cho DOI: AbstractPurpose of this study was to investigate the metabolic syndrome scores (MSS) according to physical activity level (PAL) in Korean adolescents. To determine PAL, 1,183 Korean adolescents were classified into PAL1 (physical activity (PA) <1,000kcal-wk), PAL2 (1,000kcal-wk ≤ PA <2,000kcal-wk), PAL3 (2,000kcal-wk ≤ PA <3,000 kcal-wk), and PAL4 (3,000kcal-wk ≤ PA) groups by investigating whether to perform PA for the last one week using the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MSS were determined as having numbers of each condition based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program ?Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ. When compared with PAL1, performing more PAL2 was significantly considered to affect body waist circumference in adolescents. Compared with PAL1, performing more PAL3 was significant improvement of HDL-cholesterol in adolescents. In addition, when compared with PAL1, performing PAL4 was significant improvement of tri-glycerides in boys and girls. Furthermore, the MSS according to PAL, Korean male (P=.046) and female adolescents (P=.007) who performing higher PAL significantly showed to get less the MSS and PAL4 group showed the lowest ratio of MSS. Therefore, performing higher PAL for excess of 3,000kcal-wk could be recommended in order to prevent MS risk factors in Koran adolescents. Key Wordsphysical activity, metabolic syndrome, adolescent, Korea |
Effects of 3 different stretching methods on flexibility of hamstringsJang Won Lee 8(1) 63-74, 2014
TitleEffects of 3 different stretching methods on flexibility of hamstrings
Jang Won Lee DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of 3 different stretching techniques and to figure out how long the gaining effect of stretching lasts from each of stretching techniques. Furthermore, the differences of the flexibility between sexes were investigated. All subjects were asked to wear pants and shirts only. No socks were permitted for the data collecting. Once entering the lab, a questionnaire was distributed to each subject. The subjects were asked to answer each question including stretching group, height, weight sex, and dominant leg. After fill out the questionnaire, all subjects waited in the lab without warm-up to eliminate the warm-up effect for baseline. Dynamic, static, and PNF stretching resulted in a significant gender difference in right leg at post 15 min exercise. Stretching effect on males was more effective in enhancing and maintaining range of motion than females. Based on this study results, lower extremity flexibility in males might be increased and developed by regular stretching exercise. Although there was no significant lower extremity flexibility change in females compared to males, this study confirmed that various stretching method might evoke a positive change in lower extremity flexibility. Key Wordshamstrings, stretching, flexibility |
Comparing Moral Reasoning between Korean and American University General StudentsChung Hae Hahm 8(1) 75-91, 2014
TitleComparing Moral Reasoning between Korean and American University General Students
Chung Hae Hahm DOI: AbstractThe purposes of this study were to describe differences of general characteristics by gender, grade, and academic discipline of Korean university general students` moral reasoning. Also, this study was to compare current Korean university general students` moral reasoning score with past scores of whom to evaluate change and to compare the Korean university general students` moral reasoning with scores for an American population. The samples used were 317 randomly selected university and college general students in Korea. All analyses were done with SPSS 17. First, in this study, university general male students had higher score than females. Second, senior students had the highest score, junior, sophomore, and freshman students in order. By grades, junior and senior students had higher scores and differed from freshman and sophomore students. Third, art & sport science majors had the highest score. When compare past and present Korean data, general female students had lower score than male in present. Most American researcher reported that females had higher score than males, and general students had higher score than student athletes. Also, moral reasoning of university student athletes have gradually decreased by grade. But Korean general student`s scores have gradually increased by grade and higher score than student athletes even though scores have decreased than past. Key Wordsmoral reasoning, university students, general student, student athlete, cultural comparison |
Comparison of activity and field-based courses in PETE curricula between Korea and the USAYun Soo Lee , Bom Na Ko , Han Joo Lee 8(1) 93-109, 2014
TitleComparison of activity and field-based courses in PETE curricula between Korea and the USA
Yun Soo Lee , Bom Na Ko , Han Joo Lee DOI: AbstractThe purposes of this study were to examine and compare the proportion of activity and field-based courses in physical education teacher education (PETE) curricula between Korea and the USA. A total of 22 US and 20 Korean PETE programs participated in this study. There were significant differences in maximum activity course hours, F (1, 40) = 64.206, p = .001, and field-based course hours, F (1, 40) = 452.606, p= .001. This study suggests revisiting PETE curricula to emphasize both common content knowledge and specialized content knowledge in activity courses and to increase field-based teaching experiences within the required guidelines. Key WordsPETE curriculum, activity course, field-based course, content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge |
An Association of Lower Extremity Injury Incidence and Femoral Muscle Imbalance in Female University AthletesJong Kyu Kim , Nam Ju Lee 8(1) 111-125, 2014
TitleAn Association of Lower Extremity Injury Incidence and Femoral Muscle Imbalance in Female University Athletes
Jong Kyu Kim , Nam Ju Lee DOI: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine an association of lower extremity injury incidence and femoral muscle strength imbalance in female university athletes. Female athletes (N=132) participated in this study and their sports types were kendo (n=6, 4.5%), gymnastics (n=11, 8.3%), wrestling (n=2, 1.5%), badminton (n=6, 4.5%), boxing (n=1, 0.8%), basketball (n=12, 9.1%), judo (n=27, 20.5%), table tennis (n=9, 6.8%), taekwondo (n=37, 28%), fencing (n=8, 6.1%), and field hockey (n=13, 9.8%). This study investigated lower extremity injury incidence focusing on muscle imbalance during previous training and competition period of last 6 months. Lower extremity injury incidence during training period was 33 (25%) and during competition period was 41 (31%) and lower extremity injury incidence during competition period was significantly higher compared to upper extremity injury incidence (p=.046). Right and left hamstring to quadriceps ratio (H:Q ratio) did not show a significant association with injury incidence during training and competition period. However, lower extremity injury incidence induced by femoral muscle imbalance was significantly increased as 3.9 times (Confidence Interval(CI): 1.52 to 9.97) during competition and 2.8 times (CI: 1.01 to 7.53) during training period based on H:Q ratio. It would be needed to consider dominant leg H:Q ratio and right and left leg H:Q difference as well for preventing lower extremity injury in female athletes. Key Wordslower extremity injury incidence, muscle imbalance, female athletes, hamstring to quadriceps ratio |